Digitization seems to be the magic wand bringing new life to cultural heritage. This concerns in fact two connected themes: first, digital access to any kind of collections hold by institutions in the field of cultural heritage: museums, libraries, archives, photo and film archives, centres for regional history, and a number of not so easily classified institutions which transcend the boundaries of ordinary heritage institutions.
Secondly, day by day the number of institutions increases which show their collections or major parts of them on the web. In these cases one sees not only an online catalogue or inventory, but one has real time online access to the sources and objects of cultural heritage. Thus one can make a virtual visit to a digital library, archive or museum. In the field of digitization one encounters small and large forms of cooperation, especially for bibliographies and art history thesauri. Often one can enlarge or diminish the dimensions of the presentations on your screen, and often there are also other ways of adjusting a website to one’s wishes.
On this page several links have been put together: links to general institutions working on digitization, a selection of sometimes less well known online catalogues and inventories, and links to a number of digital collections. A few very special collections have been set apart. Of course one webpage cannot present all relevant links, and thus this page ends with references to other lists of relevant links. Over the years a lot of links have changed or even disappeared. Digital heritage does not automatically imply longevity!
On this website there are separate pages dedicated to digitized visual collections, virtual exhibitions, museums and legal history, and digital libraries and (digital) archives.
General institutions
First some Dutch institutions:
- Digitaal Erfgoed Nederland (DEN), The Hague – an office for support and guidance for digitizing Dutch cultural heritage; DEN had a database of digitization projects and runs the Digitale Collectie Nederland, a national data aggregator
- Dutch Digital Heritage Network – partially in English
- Memory of the Netherlands – a search portal for some 130 Dutch digitized collections
- Filmarchives Online – a consortium of European film museums with online collections
- Bronnen en kaarten, Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed – a fine overview or maps and resources for many aspects of Dutch cultural heritage
A number of Dutch provinces has created regional portals for (digitized) cultural heritage and cultural history:
- Brabants Erfgoed – for Noord-Brabant
- Geheugen van Drenthe
- RedBot: Fries Erfgoed Hub – for Frisia
- Collectie Gelderland – perhaps the oldest provincial portal
- Erfgoed Groningen – with many links, for example De Verhalen van Groningen for stories and Collectie Groningen for museums
- Limburgs Erfgoed – see also the network Limburgs Erfgoednet
- Oneindig Noord-Holland
- Erfgoedplatform Overijssel – the portal Mijn Stad Mijn Dorp (My City, my village) aims at a general public
- UtrechtAltijd
- Zeeuwse Ankers – for Zeeland
- Geschiedenis van Zuid-Holland
Archives:
- International Council of Archives (ICA)
- Archiefnet – this archive net was maintained by the Historical Center for Overijssel is a succinct guide to Dutch and Belgian archives and archives worldwide, with an additional links collection
- Koninklijke Vereniging van Archivarissen (KVAN) – the Royal Dutch Society of Archivarians
Museums:
- International Council of Museums (ICOM)
- Nederlandse Museumvereniging – the Dutch Museum Association
- SIMIN – SIMIN is the section for information technology and digitalisation of the Dutch Museum Association
Libraries:
- International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions – the IFLA has many committees and working groups; the website leads you also to specialised international organizations
- Visual Resources Association – an organisation for all kinds of visual material: photo’s, film, video, etcetera
- Arts and Humanities Data Service – a former project of five English centres for digitizing the English cultural heritage
- Canadian Heritage Information Network – the bilingual website supporting access to the cultural heritage of Canada
Digital access to archives
Here, too, first a number of Dutch institutions
- Archieven – this site enables combined searching in an evergrowing number of Dutch archives and their collections; userface in Dutch, English and German
- International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam – many hundred digitized inventories at the IISG
- International Information Center and Archive for the Women’s Movement, Amsterdam – with a number of online inventories
- Collections at the KDC, Nimegue – the archival collections, the audiovisual resources and books of the Catholic Documentation Centre can be searched together, but also separately
- Green Heart Archives – a combined search site of five regional and municipal archives in South-Holland
- Gronings Archiefnet– a portal for the collections ofarchives in the province and town Groningen; similar portals exist for Friesland and Drenthe; the network for Utrecht has been suspended
- Nederlands Textielmuseum, Tilburg – this museum for the history of textiles documents an important field of economic history; there is both a collection database and an online library catalog
- Instituut Beeld en Geluid, Hilversum – here one can search online Dutch radio, film and television fragments
- National Office for Art History Documentation (RKD), The Hague – with catalogues for its own collections, a thesaurus for Dutch artists, and the Dutch version of the Arts and Architecture Thesaurus, the AAT of The Getty Institute, Los Angeles
Interesting examples can be found in many countries:
- Archives Hub, United Kingdom – here one can search in the archival inventaries of English universities
- Find an Archive, The National Archives, Kew – the successor to Access to Archives (A2A), a search site for many English regional and municipal archives
- Cambridge University Archives – online access to the university archives, with also collections of many scholars
- Engineering and Technology History, Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, London – this institute houses for instance the archive of Michael Faraday
- Research Libraries Organisation (RLG) – a partnership of several libraries for electronic cataloging
- Online Archival Search Information System (OASIS), Harvard University- digitized inventories for many collections at Harvard
- Archival Collections, Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. – finding aids for the CUA archival collections
- VD-17 – an initiative of several large German libraries for putting a bibliography of 17th century German books on the web, with increasingly also digitized items
More Dutch websites with visual materials can conveniently be found using a special visual resources page
- Het Geheugen van Nederland – The Dutch Memory – a site presenting some 130 digitized Dutch collections
- Instituut Collectie Nederland, Amsterdam – a former institute for the socalled “governmental” art collections, with a separate catalogue site for the collections
- Beeldbank Nationaal Archief, The Hague – half a million historical photographs online at the Dutch National Archives
- Beeldbank Second World War, Amsterdam – the NIOD holds many thousands photographs concerning the Second World War
- Beeldbank Rijksdienst voor Cultureel Erfgoed [Visual Database, National Heritage Service], Amersfoort – a searchable database with some 600,000 images
- Visual Database Regional History Centre, Tilburg – an example of good searchable regional collections
- Visual Database North Holland – an initiative of both museums and archives in this province
- Visual Database City Archives, Amsterdam – with for example also 5,000 images of open air sculptures from the collection of the Amsterdam Art Foundation
- Fries Fotoarchief, Leeuwarden – the Tresoar (Treasury) partnership combines the provincial archives of Frisia, the provincial library and the Frisian Literary Museum
- Image bank Dutch Photo Museum, Rotterdam – the visual archive of the Dutch Photo Museum
- EYE – Dutch National Film Museum, Amsterdam – this institute prepares massive digitization of movies with three other institutions within the project Images for the Future
- Early Photography – an initiative for the digitization of early Dutch photographs of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, the Leiden Print Room and some twenty other Dutch archives and museums
- Special Collections, Utrecht University Library – an example of a Dutch university, with a separate online repertory of archival collections and a number of digitized objects
- Trésor, Technical University Delft – a small collection of digitized old books, scientific journals, maps and engravings
- Brabant Collection, Tilburg University – access to a historiographical database, maps, photo’s and the Brabant Film Archive
For some Dutch heritage fields web portals have been created to help getting online access to collections:
- Academisch erfgoed [Academic Heritage] – a consortium of a number of Dutch universities and university museums which has created Academische collecties, a portal for some ninety digital collections
- Medisch Erfgoed [Medical Heritage] – a portal to digitized medical collections of five Dutch institutions, an offsping of Academisch Erfgoed
- Erfgoedcentrum Nederlands Kloosterleven [Heritage Centre for Dutch Monastic Life], Cuijk-St. Agatha – in and near the fourteenth-century monastery of the Crosiers you can find the collections of well over seventy Catholic religious orders and congregations
- Nederlands Militair Erfgoed [Dutch Military Heritage] – with digitized books, journals and portraits – the Nationaal Militair Museum, Soesterberg was launched in Autumn 2014
- Maritiem Digitaal – a web site for digital access to the collection of thirteen (!) Dutch maritime museums
- Stichting Volkenkundige Collectie Nederland (SCVN) [Foundation Dutch Ethnographical Collections] – a portal for the collections of six ethnographical museums
For academic collections in Belgium there is the network Academisch Erfgoed in Vlaanderen with links to Flemish and international projects.
Again some examples outside The Netherlands:
- European Visual Archive – a pilot project with for now just two photo collections, from London and Antwerp
- Oxford Text Archive – one of the most important searchable text collections, with also direct access to these texts
- The Wittgenstein Archive, Cambridge – not the only collection concerning this philosopher, but certainly a major one
- Digitale Sammlungen, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich – digitized books, parliamentary acts, and much more
- Klassik Stiftung Weimar, the site of some 25 cultural institutions, including the Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv and the Herzogin Anna-Amalia-Bibliothek, with online access to various databases and catalogs
- Verteilte Digitale Inkunabelbibliothek – several hundred digitized incunabula – printed books before 1501 – a fformer joint project of the Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek, Cologne, and the Herzog-August-Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel
- Codice diplomatico della Lombardia medievale – a project at Padova for charters from the eight to the twelfth centuries, with both a text edition and images of the charters
- Compact Memory – a project for digitizing many Jewish journals and magazines from Germany
- American Memory – a very generous choice at the Library of Congress of materials concerning American history
Outside any category
This section mentions a number of institutions, initiatives and digital collections that go beyond traditional borders in one or more ways: centres with combined institutions under one roof, institutions with much more than one would expect, some really remarkable forms of cooperation, and of course some simply stunning collections of exceptional quality.
- Collectie Gelderland – a captivating site giving access to many museums in the province of Gelderland and their collections
- Atlas of Mutual Heritage – a web site of the National Archives, The Hague, presenting archival sources, maps, prints and drawings from the Netherlands, Indonesian and other collections concerning the Dutch East Indies Company
- TANAP Net – the former archival portal of the international project for the history of the Dutch East Indies Company, with sources from the Netherlands, Indonesia, South Africa, Indonesia and Britain (British Library)
- Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam – this remarkable museum gives very good online access to its rich collections, for example the library of the Etz Haim Livraria Montesinos with 200 digitized manuscripts
- Menasseh ben Israel Collection, Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana, University of Amsterdam
Looking across borders yields a rich harvest:
- Archief en Museum voor het Vlaams Cultuurleven (AMVC), Antwerp – archival sources, letters, posters and photographs concerning Flemish culture and litetirature
- Connected Histories: British History Sources, 1500-1900 – a portal to more than twenty major online collections and websites
- Jersey Heritage Trust – digital access to the archives, art, archaeology and natural history at Jersey
- Digital Collections, New York Public Library – the NYPL holds several million books and also many archival collections
- Library of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York – access to the libraries of this marvellous museum
- Library of Congress, Washington, DC – the world’s largest library, with many important initiatives, among them are the LC Subject Headings, EAD and MARC
- Online Archive of California – EAD-based access to Californian museums and libraries, including their archival collections
- American Heritage – a web site of the University of California at Berkeley
- Digital Collections, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Monasterium – an ambitious Austrian initiative for the presentation of the heritage of churches and monasteries, including primary sources, mainly medieval charters, and a bibliographical section; note also their special web site with online archive inventories
- Château de Versailles – not just a fine website on the château itself, but also a veritable portal with various online resources and databases
Other links
- Archivalia – the blog of Klaus Graf (Aachen), this time for archivists and archives, but in fact a treasure trove for news about cultural history and digital projects
- A Compendium of Digital Collections, University of New Hampshire – an attempt at a bloglike database, no longer updated since 2011